Higher Education & Technical Education in Nanning
In 2002, there were altogether 18 higher education institutions in Nanning with 81,800 undergraduates and 13,100 graduates. The total annual enrollment was 28,000 students. Among the 18 higher education institutions, 6 were qualified to enroll graduate students. In 2002, they enrolled 1,083 graduate students, 254 more than that of the previous year. There are 2,478 graduate students on campus, 737 more than that of the previous year. There were 41 technical schools with a total enrollment of 71,700, including 14,400 students from 7 schools for training skilled workers.

Educational Development
In 2002, there were 1,015 secondary & primary schools with 504,000 students and 21,595 state-employed teachers. The popularization of nine-year compulsory education was further strengthened. For primary education, the enrollment rate of school-aged children and the graduation rate were 99.8% and 99.5% respectively, and in the urban areas, they both reached 100% respectively. The rate of nine-year compulsory education and the rate of eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people remained high. Wuming and Yongning counties successfully passed the appraisal by the Autonomous Region Education Authorities. For junior secondary education, the rate of entering senior high education was 67.2%, 1.4% higher than that of the previous year, and it reached 90.1% in the urban area. With a rapid growth of senior high education, the average number of senior high school students (including vocational school students) per 10,000 people increased to 221 from 193 of the previous year and 12 schools passed the appraisal of Model Public Senior High School in Guangxi. Vocational education developed rapidly: The employment rate of graduates from these schools hit 93% and a vocational school was appraised as one of the first key secondary vocational schools of Guangxi. Nanning Municipality Education Bureau was also appraised as “the national advanced unit of vocational education”. Higher education enrollment rate among the school-aged kids was about 15%, one of the highest in Guangxi. Private education institutions developed rapidly with an enrollment of 58,000 students, accounting for 10% of the total in the city. There were 224 primary & secondary schools and kindergartens, among which, 7 middle schools were of the scale of over 1,000 students. The development of state-run education and private education was going hand in hand.

Construction of School Infrastructure
In 2002, Nanning completed educational capital constructions with an investment of 141 million Yuan RMB, of which 83 million Yuan RMB was from the city government expenditure, accounting for 94% of the total. The city accomplished 91 construction projects for various education purposes, covering a floor space of 173,086 square meters. In addition a number of construction and maintenance projects at various schools were also completed. Meanwhile, another 23.15 million Yuan RMB from the state, the Autonomous Region, the city and counties was invested on the renovation of 46,141 square meters of buildings in poor conditions in county middle & primary school, and 19 of the projects were listed as one of the 20 problems the government had promised to solve that year. By the end of 2002, the floor areas of primary and secondary schools per student were respectively 7.54 and 8.85 square meters, and both were larger than the national standards. The Municipal Educational Technology Center invested 20.7 million Yuan RMB on equipment and facilities, among which 14 million Yuan RMB was for computers, 2 million Yuan RMB was for equipment of instruction technology, 1 million Yuan RMB was for basic education instruments, 1 million Yuan RMB was for books, 0.5 million Yuan RMB wasfor library facilities, 0.5 million Yuan RMB was for laboratory facilities, 1.5 million Yuan RMB was for central web station equipment and 0.2 million Yuan RMB was for TV and studios facilities. All this helped improve the conditions of school education. Now, the teaching instruments, educational facilities and books per student of state-run primary & middle schools all came up to the national standards and were moving toward the standards of education modernization.

Investment on Education
In 2002, the municipal expenditure on education was 530.14 million Yuan RMB, increased by 22.55% over the previous year and it was 11.71% higher than the city’s regular revenue, of which education operating expense was 952.89 Yuan RMB per student, increased by 26.69% compared with that of the previous year, (920.3 Yuan RMB per primary school student and 961.62 Yuan RMB per junior high school student). The public expense was 128.5 Yuan RMB per student (62.25 Yuan RMB per primary school student and 127.17 Yuan RMB per junior high school student), increased by 29.75% over that of the previous year. The annual average salary of school faculty/staff was 12,360 Yuan RMB per capita, increased by 20.89% over that of the previous year. In 2002, the levied additional charges for the municipal and local education were 54.744 million Yuan RMB and 55.809 million Yuan RMB respectively. Meanwhile there was 24.53 million Yuan RMB from donations and fund raising. All this contributed to the improvement of school conditions.

Language Work
In 2002, Nanning Municipality achieved initial success in the following fields when aiming at meeting the national standards for the 1 ^st class cities on language work. First, it established and improved institutions of language work and set up a network of it. The Municipal Education Bureau set up Section of Language Work. Language Work Committees was established respectively in the 5 urban districts, in the counties of Yongning and Wuming, in the High & New Tech Development Zone and the Overseas Chinese Investment Zone. The 29 government organizations who were members of the Municipal Language Work Committee, all middle & primary schools and kindergartens set up leading groups for the language work. Second, by working out the practical scheme, they did the language work up to the national standards. Every appraisal target and its implementing measures were specified and every government organization or district was held accountable for them. Third, the municipality held a municipal meeting of language work and gave instructions on the preparation for the appraisal of language work. Fourth, all the urban districts and departments carried out self-checking and self-correcting of language use. Fifth, the publicity of language work was enhanced. In September, the city organized a campaign to promote the State Law for Common Language and held an evening party on standard Chinese Publicizing Week in Nanning Theater. Student advocates for Standard Chinese from middle & primary schools in the urban districts carried out activities to promote the use of Standard Chinese. 120,000 leaflets were published and distributed; and permanent publicizing boards were assigned to departments and schools for advocating the use of Standard Chinese. Sixth, responsibility was set for each member of the Municipal Language Work Committee. Seventh, the Plan of Promoting Standard Chinese among government workers was worked out and implemented. Eighth, the Municipal Education Bureau issued the document that teachers should have the certificates of speaking Standard Chinese.

Education Inspection & Supervision

In 2002, the municipal government set up the Education Inspection & Supervision Committee composed of 42 educational inspectors, including a vice mayor, members from various municipal or county government departments, and offices of education inspection and supervision in Yongning County and Wuming County and the five urban districts. This formed a network of education inspection and supervision with full time or part time education inspectors.   These inspectors were committed to the work of education supervision, inspection, appraisal and guidance and they did a good job in the following areas: 1. Conducting inspection and supervision of basic education in the city, promoting the implementation of the resolutions of the national and regional conferences on basic Education, putting into effect the county-prioritized education administrative system and further improving the work of basically popularizing the nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people (known as the Two Basically); 2. Providing guidance to the re-inspection of the “ 2 basically ” work in Yongning County and Wuming County, which passed the inspections and appraisal by Guangxi Education Inspection & Supervision Committee; 3. Carrying out appraisals of schools on quality education at the Autonomous Regional level and 11 schools were appraised as the best schools on quality education by the Regional Inspection & Supervision Committee; 4. Local offices of educational Inspection & supervision carried out inspections on the hot and difficult issues, such as the routine management of middle & primary schools, teachers’ integrity & attitudes, the construction of research laboratories in middle & primary schools, conducting investigations on the implementation of county-prioritized education administrative system in the rural areas, all of which guaranteed a sound development of the basic education in the city.

Teacher Certifications 　 The municipal certification of teacher qualifications was carried out in May and October, 2002. The May certification aimed at the teaching staff at secondary vocational schools and other teaching institutions in the municipality whose qualifications hadn’t been certified between 1998 and Dec. 31, 2001 and also graduates of teacher education from higher education institutions and secondary schools of the state planned enrollment. The October certification, for the first time, was for any citizen of the city who wanted to engage in teaching in secondary vocational schools and other education institutions. Through the two certifications, 8,290 teachers attained teacher certificates, among which 451 were secondary vocational school teachers (including fieldwork instructors), 1,410 were senior school teachers, 1,559 were junior school teachers, 3896 were primary school teachers and 975 were kindergarten teachers.

Education Research

In 2002, the Municipal Scientific Research Institute of Education and some schools achieve initial results in their research projects. Among them, the key research project on “Experiment on Classification of Knowledge & Target-Oriented Teaching” for the Tenth Five-Year-Plan of Guangxi was in the experiment stage in classes and schools with the completion of related knowledge training for members of the research topics and the completion of the survey report on “Teacher Professionalism of Nanning Municipality”. The research on “Optimizing Education on Personalities of Middle School Students” was in the experiment stage as planned with the completion of the related survey. Related questionnaire surveys and discussions were under way for the key research project of “Transforming Chinese Learning among Primary School Pupils for their Overall Development” and the other two projects sponsored by Curriculum Research Institute of People’s Education Press.

The municipal scientific research network of education in middle & primary schools was further improved. In the Municipal Inspection of 2001 on the construction of Scientific Research Institutes in Middle & Primary Schools and Kindergartens held jointly by the Municipal Office of Education Inspection & Supervision and the Municipal Scientific Research Institute of Education, 75 reached the level of excellence while 85 reached the level of acceptance.

Development of School-run Businesses

In 2002, with education reform and excellent service as its aim, the socialization of school supporting services in middle & primary schools was positively promoted with the development of school-run businesses. Experimentation and promotion of standardized management were undertaken in stores on the campuses of urban schools. New Hope Campus Chain Store was set up on the campus of each school with standardizations in decoration, equipment & its arrangement, commodity purchase, accounting settlement, prices, management, service and purchase channels so as to protect students from fake, poor quality or expired commodities. By the end of December, 2002, 15 of the chain stores had opened on campuses, showing the initial success of the socialization of school supporting services. The total output value and turnover was 150 million Yuan RMB with an increase of 10% over that of the previous year; the total income was 31.69 million Yuan RMB, with an increase of 4.5% over that the previous year; and 24.90 million Yuan RMB was used as education subsidies, with an increase of 9% over that of the previous year.

Aiding Needy Students
In 2002, the Education Fund actively raised money to aid needy students so that they could complete their education at school. For instance, the “Project of Supporting Education in Developing Western Areas” supported 9 college freshmen and 5 senior high freshmen who were admitted into the Hongzhi Class. Another 18 college freshmen received 2,000 Yuan RMB each in lump from Education Aid Association of Guangxi Education for Ethnic People. A total of 380,000 Yuan RMB was raised by the Education Fund to support 1,421 students from needy families, including 700 primary students, 661 junior high students, 48 senior high students and 12 college students. Schools and teachers also offered help to the needy students, such as reducing or waiving tuitions of 299,100 Yuan RMB for 1,869 students of middle & primary schools, facilitating school admission of 114 handicapped students, and reducing or waiving various charges totaling 13,200 Yuan RMB.

Publishing of Kids’ Creation
In 2002, the magazine opened columns of Forward, Star Kids, Literature, Selected Writings, Revised Writings, Historical Story, On Creation, DIY, Celebrity Story, Free Talk, Health, Letter Box, Chatting Room, Monthly Practice, Cartoons, Kids’ Entertainment, Mini-radio, etc.. Its target readers were students and teachers of primary schools, parents and people from other walks of life. In January, it was jointly appraised as “Guangxi Excellent Periodical” by the Publicity Department of Guangxi CPC Committee, Journalism & Publishing Bureau and Science & Technology Department of Guangxi Autonomous Region. On the approval of Guangxi Journalism & Publishing Bureau, the magazine changed from minor 32-mo to international standard major 32-mo and increased from 48 pages to 56 pages. In April, it won one first-place award and one third-place award at the national appraisal meeting of excellent works and editors of kids’ newspapers & comprehensive periodicals, which was held in Changsha.

Construction of Clean Internet Rooms on Campus
In the first half of 2002, the Municipal Education Bureau made a lump-purchase of 1,800 IBM computers and 800 Lenovo computers to enrich multi-media teaching resources. Campus network construction was brought into line with the municipal overall plan to promote moral education in middle & primary schools as an important link to modernize instruction technology. Nanning was the first to set up “clean internet rooms on campus” in Guangxi, which are open to students after class.

Nanning and Macao Talked on Education Exchange
On May 23, 2002, student parents, principles & teacher representatives of Nanning senior high schools and Mr. Leong Hung Po, Director of School of Physical Education & Sports of Macao Polytechnic Institute, Ms. Cheang Mio Han, Acting Head of Academic Affairs Department and Ms. Tam Sat Wan from Division for Student Affairs held a meeting in Xiyuan Hotel. News was released that University of Macao, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao Institute for Tourism Studies and Macao University of Science & Technology would continue to enroll students in Guangxi.

Broadcasting of Educational TV Program
In 2002, a 15-minute educational program, “Campus on Line”, jointly produced by the Municipal Education Bureau and Nanning TV Station started to broadcast on September 12, 2002. This program was broadcasted once at weekend and was re-broadcasted once on a weekday, and it was popular among many teachers and students.